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Technical Focus – March 2016 DPF Hints And Tips This month’s Technical Focus article takes a look at some hints and tips to consider when dealing with diesel particulate filters. The diesel particulate filter is designed to trap and store Particulate Material (soot) that is produced by the diesel engine during normal driving.

The DPF allows exhaust gases (with Particulate Material) to enter the DPF and the soot is trapped inside the filter, allowing cleaner exhaust gases to exit into the atmosphere which reduces exhaust emissions. Vehicle manufacturers are required to reduce diesel engine emissions in accordance with the Euro Emission standards. In order to achieve this reduced level of PM (soot), diesel particulate filters are now fitted to diesel engine vehicles.

The diesel particulate filter WILL, if left, block up. In order to operate fully, the DPF needs to regenerate. Regeneration is a process to clear the soot that has been collected inside the DPF. Failure to regenerate will result in the soot building up inside the DPF, which leads to a lack of power problems due to the high back pressure in the exhaust. The vehicle will then illuminate its engine management and emission warning lights to warn the driver of a problem. Connecting diagnostic equipment to the vehicle will retrieve diagnostic trouble codes, which are used to locate the area of the engine requiring investigation. Depending on driving style, regeneration takes places every 300 to 500 miles, when the DPF is filled with soot to a level of about 45-50% of its capacity.

A pressure sensor referred to as a Diesel Pressure Feedback (DPFE) sensor is used to monitor the amount of PM (soot) in the DPF by measuring the level of pressure in the exhaust system. The level of soot calculated from the DPFE sensor can be reviewed by using diagnostic equipment and viewing the live data (either in digital of graphing modes) in Snap-on’s diagnostic platforms.

There are three different regeneration modes used to clear the soot stored in the DPF: • Passive Regeneration: This takes place while driving when engine load elevates exhaust temperatures enough to burn small amounts of soot, from 200°C (392°F) to 600°C (1112°F), and requires no action from the driver or engine control system. • Active Regeneration: This can occur while driving or when stationary and the engine is idling to burn large amounts of soot. It is initiated by the engine management control module software.

Temperatures range from 400°C (752°F) to 600°C (1112°F) and this requires no action from the driver. • Manual Regeneration: This is the same as active regeneration but is initiated using a diagnostic scan tool. There are two modes of manual regeneration: static and dynamic. Static is when the vehicle is stationary (some manufacturers are now disabling static due to high temps around the DPF) and only providing dynamic (moving) regeneration, as driving the vehicle allows airflow under the vehicle to cool wiring and components close to the DPF. Snap-on's scan tools allow a technician to carry out manual DPF regeneration. Manual regeneration is often required when vehicles are driven at insufficient speed to allow regeneration to be carried out automatically by their engine management control software. In these cases, the pressure in the DPF being monitored by the DPFE sensor continues to increase to a point where the engine management control software illuminates the engine management and emission warning lights.

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